Application of Swiss Type CNC Lathe in pin processing

First, what is a pin

Pin is a small mechanical parts, usually cylindrical or conical. It generally has a relatively small diameter and a certain length, the diameter of the cylindrical pin in the entire length of the basic to maintain the same; conical pin is from one end to the other end of the gradual change in diameter, a certain taper. Its ends can be flat, can also have a chamfer and other simple shape modification.

Second, the role of pins

Linking action

In mechanical construction, pins can connect two or more parts together so that they can work together. For example, in some simple hinged structures, pins run through two parts, like the hinge between the door and the door frame, and are connected by pins, allowing the door to rotate around the pin. In complex mechanical transmission systems, such as inside transmissions, pins are also used to connect gears and shafts to ensure the effective transmission of power.

Positioning action

Pins accurately determine the relative positions of components. In precision machining equipment, such as between the table and the bed of the machine tool, pins are used for positioning. This is because in the processing process, the accuracy of the machine tool is extremely high, and the position of the table on the bed can be ensured by the pin positioning, so that the machined parts meet the accuracy requirements. And during the assembly process, the pins also help workers quickly and accurately install the parts to the correct position.

Fixation

It can prevent relative movement between mechanical parts. For example, in some mold structures, in order to prevent displacement of the upper and lower mold seats during the working process, pins are used for fixing. The pins are inserted into the pre-processed holes and fit tightly with the walls of the holes, so that the various parts of the mold maintain a stable relative position, thus ensuring the normal operation of the mold and the quality of the product.

Third, the application of pins

Machinery manufacturing field	Machine tool equipment	In the assembly of machine tools, pins are used to precisely locate and connect the various key components of the machine tool. For example, the workbench of the machine tool is positioned with the bed to ensure the position accuracy of the workbench on the bed body, so that the machine tool can ensure the processing accuracy of the parts during the processing. Moreover, in the transmission system of the machine tool, the pin can connect the gear and shaft to ensure the smooth transmission of power, so that the cutting tool of the machine tool can work in accordance with the set speed and accuracy.
	Mold making	Molds are tools used to form various products, and pins play a crucial role in the mold manufacturing process. For example, in the injection mold, the upper and lower die seats are positioned by pins to ensure the relative position accuracy of the upper and lower die cavities. In this way, during the injection molding process, the plastic melt can evenly fill the mold cavity and produce plastic products with high dimensional accuracy and good quality. At the same time, in the slider structure of the mold, the pin is used to connect the slider and the main body of the mold, so that the slider can accurately move in the process of opening and closing the mold, and complete the demudding action of the product.
	Agricultural machinery	Pins are also widely used in agricultural machinery. Taking combine harvesters as an example, conical pins are widely used in the connection of cutting tools and tool holders. Because taper pins are easy to install and remove, they can be easily removed and reinstalled when harvesting tools wear out and need to be replaced. At the same time, in the connection of the transmission chain and the sprocket of agricultural machinery, the pin can ensure the close coordination between the chain and the sprocket to ensure the effective transmission of power, so that agricultural machinery can successfully complete harvesting, sowing and other operations.
	Construction machinery	In construction machinery such as loaders and excavators, pins are used to connect various working devices. For example, the bucket rod of the excavator and the bucket are connected by pins, so that the bucket can be flexibly excavated, loaded and other actions. And in the hydraulic system of construction machinery, the pin can be used to connect the piston and piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder to ensure the normal work of the hydraulic system, so that the working device of construction machinery can obtain enough power to complete a variety of complex tasks.
Automotive industry	Engine Manufacturing	Inside automotive engines, pins have a variety of applications. For example, the piston and the connecting rod are connected by the piston pin, which is a special pin that can withstand the huge impact force and friction generated by the piston when it moves back and forth in the cylinder. In addition, in the valve mechanism of the engine, the valve and the valve rocker arm can also be connected through pins to ensure that the valve can be accurately opened and closed in accordance with the working rhythm of the engine, so as to ensure the normal intake and exhaust of the engine.
	Automobile Chassis	In the assembly of the car chassis, pins are used to connect the various components of the suspension system. For example, in the McPherson type independent suspension, the lower swing arm and the steering knuckle are connected by pins, which allows the wheel to move up and down flexibly while ensuring the vehicle’s driving stability. Moreover, in the braking system of the car, the pin connection between the brake shoe and the brake bottom plate can also be used to ensure that the brake shoe can accurately contact the brake drum or brake disc to achieve effective braking of the vehicle.
	Automobile body	In the assembly process of automobile body, pins can be used to locate and connect various parts of the body. For example, in the connection between the car door and the car body, in addition to the use of hinges, pins will be used to locate the position of the car door, to ensure that the car door can be tightly fitted with the car body when it is closed, so as to improve the sealing and safety of the car. Moreover, in the installation of automobile seats, pins can be used to locate the position of the seats, so that the seats can be firmly installed on the floor of the car body.
Aerospace field	Aircraft manufacturing	In the assembly of aircraft wings, fuselages and other structures, pins are used to locate and connect various metal structural parts. For example, the beams and ribs of the wings are connected by pins, and this connection ensures the strength and stiffness of the wing structure so that the airplane can withstand great aerodynamic forces during flight. Moreover, in the landing gear system of an airplane, pins are used to connect the various components of the landing gear to ensure that the landing gear can work normally during takeoff, landing and taxiing. In addition, in the engine installation of the airplane, pins are also used to connect the engine and the fuselage, to ensure the positional accuracy of the engine, and to ensure that the power of the engine can be effectively transmitted to the airplane.
	Space equipment	In the manufacture of space equipment such as satellites, pins are used to connect various segments and structural components of satellites. As aerospace equipment requires a high degree of precision and reliability, the dimensional accuracy and material properties of pins need to be strictly controlled. For example, in the connection between the satellite’s solar panels and the main structure, pins can ensure that the panels can be accurately unfolded and fixed to provide sufficient power for the satellite. Moreover, in the manufacture of rockets, pins are used to connect all levels of the rocket structure and the engine to ensure smooth separation and propulsion of the rocket during the launch process.
Electronic equipment field	Computer hardware	In the connection between the computer case and the motherboard, the pins can be used to position the motherboard, ensuring that the various interfaces and slots on the motherboard can be accurately aligned with the openings on the case. In the installation of storage devices such as hard disks and optical drives of computers, pins can also be used to connect storage devices and chassis frames, so that storage devices can be firmly installed in the chassis. In addition, in the connection of the computer’s heat sink and the CPU, the pins can be used to fix the position of the heat sink, ensuring that the heat sink can effectively heat the CPU.
	Communication equipment	In mobile communication devices such as mobile phones, pins are used to connect the shell of the phone to the internal circuit board. For example, in the disassembly and repair process of the mobile phone, it is necessary to remove the pins before opening the mobile phone shell and accessing the internal circuit board. And in large communication equipment such as communication base stations, pins are used to connect the antenna and the main body of the equipment to ensure that the antenna can accurately transmit and receive signals.

Fourth, the advantages of CNC centering machine in the pin processing

1.High-precision machining to protect the pin dimensional accuracy

Centering machine has a very high machining accuracy, for the pin such as strict requirements for dimensional accuracy of the parts is very critical. For example, the diameter tolerance of cylindrical pins is usually in the range of ±0.01mm or even higher. During the machining process, the centering machine is able to accurately cut pins that meet the dimensional requirements by controlling the tool’s trajectory with a sophisticated CNC system. Minimum feeds of 0.001mm in the X- and Z-axes enable pin lengths and diameters to be accurately machined.

When machining taper pins, the centering machine can precisely control the taper of the cone. By programming different cutting parameters, such as the axial and radial feed rate of the tool, it is possible to machine a conical shape that meets the design requirements. For example, for a tapered pin with a taper of 1:50, the centering machine can accurately achieve a gradual change in diameter from one end to the other, ensuring that the taper is accurate and thus meets the pin’s accuracy requirements for the connection and positioning process.

2.Efficient processing to enhance productivity

The centering machine can simultaneously carry out multiple processes, which greatly improves the productivity in the pin processing. To process an ordinary cylindrical pin, for example, the centering machine can be completed in a clamping cylindrical cutting, machining and chamfering of the two end faces and other processes. It is able to quickly change tools and realize continuous operation of different machining processes. For example, it first uses the external turning tool for roughing and finishing the outer circle of the pin, then switches to the cutting tool for cutting the two end faces, and finally utilizes the chamfering tool to complete the chamfering of the two ends.

For mass production of pins, the advantages of the centering machine are more obvious. It can realize continuous processing by automatic feeding device. Assuming that a large number of pins with the same specifications need to be produced, the centering machine can complete the processing task in a short period of time. Its high-speed cutting speed and stable processing performance, so that the pin processing efficiency than the traditional machine tools to improve several times. For example, while a conventional machine may take 5 – 10 minutes to machine a pin, the centering machine can reduce the machining time of a single pin to 1 – 2 minutes in mass production.

3.Complex shape pin processing capacity

In addition to the common cylindrical pins and taper pins, the centering machine can also process pins with special shapes. For example, pins with grooves or threads. When machining pins with grooves, the centrifugal machine can utilize a special grooving tool, which is precisely programmed to cut the desired groove shape on the surface of the pin. For cases where threads need to be machined on the pins, the centrifugal machine can be equipped with threading tools, such as taps or plate teeth, to achieve efficient thread machining.

For some shaped pins, the multi-axis linkage function of the centering machine plays an important role. It can process pins with complex shapes by controlling the coordinated movement of multiple axes (e.g. X, Z, C axes, etc.). For example, when machining a pin with a cylindrical shape at one end and a special curved shape at the other end, the centering machine can accurately cut this complex shape according to the pre-designed three-dimensional model to meet the shape requirements of the pin for special mechanical devices.

4.Ensure the pin surface quality and material properties

Walking centers can optimize the cutting parameters in the machining process, so as to ensure the surface quality of the pins. A reasonable combination of cutting speed, feed and depth of cut can lead to a high standard of pin surface roughness. For example, by adjusting the cutting parameters, the pin surface roughness Ra can reach 0.8 – 1.6 μm, which is very favorable to the pin in the connection process to reduce friction and improve the fit precision.

At the same time, when machining pins, the centrifugal machine can minimize the impact on the performance of the pin material due to its high-precision machining characteristics and stable cutting process. For some high-strength alloy materials made of pins, centrifugal machine can avoid excessive work hardening phenomenon in the processing, to ensure the mechanical properties of pins. For example, in the processing of titanium alloy pins, the centering machine through precise cutting force control, to prevent excessive hardening of the surface of the material, so as to ensure that the toughness and strength of the pins meet the requirements.

Key words: Swiss-type lathe,CNC lathe for pin machining, CNC lathe, Swiss-type CNC lathe